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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties can produce different flavors. Read on to learn about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, tarter flavor profile and are frequently used in blends of coffee for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world accounting for 75% of the world's coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are sweeter and less acidic than Robusta, and they come in different flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee may vary significantly based on the growing conditions and the processing methods used to make it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that grow within bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became energy-rich after eating these berries, and the cultivation of coffee quickly spread across the world.

Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes, and thrive in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is considered to be the most delicious kind of speciality coffee beans.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters insist on using ethically-sourced arabica beans, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique specialty coffees that are suitable for various brewing methods. Blending allows control over the aroma, taste and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is usually preferred to get a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants that occur naturally. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica, and can be grown in less favorable climates. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a cost effective crop to grow.

While it may seem counterintuitive it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended together to create coffee blends. If you've noticed the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag then it's likely that there's some robusta in there as well.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans but the majority do combine the two varieties to reduce costs and preserve quality. To ensure the quality of the flavor, it's crucial to select a premium coffee beans bean from a supplier you are confident in. The best way to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped that makes them different from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is floral and fruity with smokey undertones. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to give them a richer and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are resistant to hot, humid climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. You can purchase seeds online from a number of sources, however it is best to purchase them from local producers to ensure the good quality coffee beans of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants include fertile, deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH, and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally thought to be a separate species, but is now classified as a variation of Liberica. These oval-shaped coffee beans grow on large coffee plants that reach 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their unique flavor is sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for house blends. They have a lighter aroma and higher caffeine content that is less than Arabica or Robusta but they still have a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta, even though they are the fourth most popular. They were actually considered distinct species of coffee up until 2006, at which point they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Nowadays, they're grown mostly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans have a distinctive teardrop shape, and a dark, mysterious flavor. They're typically used in blends to add extra body and a full tart, ripe fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical and warm climates and high altitudes. They have a little acidity. If brewed correctly and roast they may have notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most-loved coffee bean shop near me around the world. It accounts for about 40% of all coffee consumed globally. These beans are rounder and smaller, yet they contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have earthy and woody overtones.

Now that you've learned the four most common types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee bean shop beans, it's time to select your ideal coffee. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste pick an arabica or a blend of robusta beans and arabica beans.